Resumo Pesquisas prévias informaram que ser vítima de “bullying” se associa à menor Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde (QVRS); mas nenhuma foi realizada em estudantes Mexicanos apesar dos altos índices de “bullying” mostrados para o México nos rankings internacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre ser vítima de “bullying” e QVRS. Este estudo transversal e de correlação incluiu 2225 crianças e adolescentes de 22 escolas de nível básico, médio básico e médio superior. A QVRS foi avaliada com o questionário KIDSCREEN-10 e o “bullying” com a dimensão de aceitação social do KIDSCREEN-52. Analisaram-se as associações bivariadas, verificou-se confusão e interação, e utilizou-se regressão logística multivariável. A prevalência de vítimas de “bullying” foi de 17.3%. Ser vítima de “bullying” obteve um risco de mais do dobro de QVRS inferior que não ser vítima, depois de ajustar pela percepção de saúde, gênero e idade, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). No mesmo sentido que o referido pelo Modelo de Wilson e Cleary, em estudantes mexicanos com características individuais como ser vítima de “bullying”, associam-se à QVRS, descoberta similar ao encontrado na literatura existente o que implica que o “bullying” é um fenômeno global que se reflete em diferentes aspectos da vida em crianças e adolescentes vitimizados.

Abstract Previous studies have reported a relationship between being a victim of bullying, but no studies have been carried out with Mexican students; notwithstanding the high scores of bullying in Mexico in international rankings. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between being a victim of bullying and lower HRQoL among schoolchildren and adolescents in Mexico. This cross-sectional and correlational study involved 2225 students from 22 elementary, middle and high schools. HRQoL was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire and bullying with the social adaptation dimension of KIDSCREEN-52. Bivariate associations were evaluated, and a multivariate logistic regression was utilized. The prevalence of victims of bullying was 17.3%. Being a victim of bullying was double the risk of having a lower HRQoL than not being a victim after adjusting for health perception, gender and age, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). As the Wilson and Cleary Model of Quality of Life explains, individual characteristics, such as, being a victim of bullying are associated with quality of life. Similar findings in the existing literature imply that bullying is a global phenomenon that impacts the victimized child or adolescent’s life in different ways.

Resumo Pesquisas prévias informaram que ser vítima de “bullying” se associa à menor Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde (QVRS); mas nenhuma foi realizada em estudantes Mexicanos apesar dos altos índices de “bullying” mostrados para o México nos rankings internacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre ser vítima de “bullying” e QVRS. Este estudo transversal e de correlação incluiu 2225 crianças e adolescentes de 22 escolas de nível básico, médio básico e médio superior. A QVRS foi avaliada com o questionário KIDSCREEN-10 e o “bullying” com a dimensão de aceitação social do KIDSCREEN-52. Analisaram-se as associações bivariadas, verificou-se confusão e interação, e utilizou-se regressão logística multivariável. A prevalência de vítimas de “bullying” foi de 17.3%. Ser vítima de “bullying” obteve um risco de mais do dobro de QVRS inferior que não ser vítima, depois de ajustar pela percepção de saúde, gênero e idade, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). No mesmo sentido que o referido pelo Modelo de Wilson e Cleary, em estudantes mexicanos com características individuais como ser vítima de “bullying”, associam-se à QVRS, descoberta similar ao encontrado na literatura existente o que implica que o “bullying” é um fenômeno global que se reflete em diferentes aspectos da vida em crianças e adolescentes vitimizados.

Abstract Previous studies have reported a relationship between being a victim of bullying, but no studies have been carried out with Mexican students; notwithstanding the high scores of bullying in Mexico in international rankings. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between being a victim of bullying and lower HRQoL among schoolchildren and adolescents in Mexico. This cross-sectional and correlational study involved 2225 students from 22 elementary, middle and high schools. HRQoL was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire and bullying with the social adaptation dimension of KIDSCREEN-52. Bivariate associations were evaluated, and a multivariate logistic regression was utilized. The prevalence of victims of bullying was 17.3%. Being a victim of bullying was double the risk of having a lower HRQoL than not being a victim after adjusting for health perception, gender and age, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). As the Wilson and Cleary Model of Quality of Life explains, individual characteristics, such as, being a victim of bullying are associated with quality of life. Similar findings in the existing literature imply that bullying is a global phenomenon that impacts the victimized child or adolescent’s life in different ways.

The traditional legal system governing the people's capacity regulated by the Argentine Civil Code, written by Dr. Dalmacio Velez Sarsfield PhD, in force since 1871, was amended in the National Constitution, under the section for International Instruments on Human Rights and domestic laws that have been consequently sanctioned. This code was recently repealed, and on August 1, 2015, a new Civil and Commercial National Code came into force in the Republic of Argentina adopting this regulation as an alignment with current guidelines in the area. This alignment has not been fully achieved with persistent remnants of the repealed code still present. This work constitutes a summary of the most innovative aspects for notaries that arise from the new code for human capacity.

El régimen jurídico tradicional de capacidad de las personas regulado en el Código Civil Argentino, obra del Dr. Dalmacio Velez Sarsfield, vigente desde el año 1871, fue modificado por la Constitución Nacional, los Instrumentos Internacionales sobre Derechos Humanos y las leyes internas que se han sancionado en su consecuencia. Dicho código fue recientemente derogado y el 1° de agosto de 2015 entrará en vigencia en la República Argentina el nuevo Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación que recepta esta normativa en un intento de adecuación a las pautas vigentes en la materia. No siempre dicha adecuación se logra acabadamente y persisten vestigios del régimen derogado. El presente trabajo constituye un resumen de los puntos más novedosos para el notariado que surgen del régimen de capacidad en el nuevo código.

Este estudo avaliou as experiências com a atenção primária à saúde para crianças e adolescentes, considerando níveis de saúde, características sociodemográficas e o uso de serviços de saúde. A Enquete de Saúde de Catalunha de 2006 incluiu uma amostra representativa da população de 0 a 14 anos (n = 2.200). Pessoas adultas informaram suas experiências com a atenção primária à saúde de seus filhos com uma seleção de 17 itens do Primary Care Assessment Tool. Estimaram-se razões de prevalência (RP) de baixa pontuação em seis funções da atenção primária à saúde mediante modelos multivariados. A declaração de doenças crônicas se associou à baixa pontuação no primeiro contato-acessibilidade. Os pais imigrantes declararam pior experiência com várias funções da atenção primária à saúde. As pontuações no primeiro contato-acessibilidade, continuidade da atenção e competência cultural foram mais altas quando as crianças tinham cobertura sanitária dupla e mais baixas quando tinham visitado os serviços de emergência. Melhorias em algumas funções da atenção primária à saúde poderiam reduzir o uso de serviços de urgência e iniquidade.

This study aimed to evaluate user experiences with primary care for children and adolescents according to health, socio-demographic characteristics, and use of healthcare services. The 2006 Catalan Health Interview Survey studied a representative sample of the population aged 0 to 14 (n = 2,200). Parents reported their experiences with primary care through 17 items from the Primary Care Assessment Tool. Multivariate models were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) of scoring low on experiences with primary care by health, use of services, and socio-demographic variables. A low first contact-accessibility score was associated with declared chronic conditions. Immigrant parents declared a poor experience with several primary care functions. A low score on first contact-accessibility, continuity of care, and cultural competence was less likely when children had double healthcare coverage and more likely when they had visited emergency services. Improvement of some aspects of primary care services may reduce both use of emergency services and inequity in this area.

Este estudio evaluó las experiencias en la atención primaria de salud para niños y adolescentes, considerando niveles de salud, características sociodemográficas y el uso de servicios de salud. La Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña de 2006 incluyó una muestra representativa de la población de 0 a 14 años (n = 2.200). Personas adultas informaron sobre sus experiencias con la atención primaria de salud de sus hijos con una selección de 17 ítems del Primary Care Assessment Tool. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) de baja puntuación en seis funciones de la atención primaria de salud, mediante modelos multivariados. La declaración de enfermedades crónicas se asoció a la baja puntuación en primer contacto-accesibilidad. Los padres inmigrantes declararon peor experiencia con varias funciones de la atención primaria de salud. Las puntuaciones en primer contacto-accesibilidad, continuidad de la atención y competencia cultural fueron más altas cuando los niños tenían cobertura sanitaria doble y más bajas cuando habían visitado los servicios de emergencia. Mejoras en algunas funciones de la atención primaria de salud podrían reducir el uso de servicios de urgencia y la inequidad.

Este estudo avaliou as experiências com a atenção primária à saúde para crianças e adolescentes, considerando níveis de saúde, características sociodemográficas e o uso de serviços de saúde. A Enquete de Saúde de Catalunha de 2006 incluiu uma amostra representativa da população de 0 a 14 anos (n = 2.200). Pessoas adultas informaram suas experiências com a atenção primária à saúde de seus filhos com uma seleção de 17 itens do Primary Care Assessment Tool. Estimaram-se razões de prevalência (RP) de baixa pontuação em seis funções da atenção primária à saúde mediante modelos multivariados. A declaração de doenças crônicas se associou à baixa pontuação no primeiro contato-acessibilidade. Os pais imigrantes declararam pior experiência com várias funções da atenção primária à saúde. As pontuações no primeiro contato-acessibilidade, continuidade da atenção e competência cultural foram mais altas quando as crianças tinham cobertura sanitária dupla e mais baixas quando tinham visitado os serviços de emergência. Melhorias em algumas funções da atenção primária à saúde poderiam reduzir o uso de serviços de urgência e iniquidade.

This study aimed to evaluate user experiences with primary care for children and adolescents according to health, socio-demographic characteristics, and use of healthcare services. The 2006 Catalan Health Interview Survey studied a representative sample of the population aged 0 to 14 (n = 2,200). Parents reported their experiences with primary care through 17 items from the Primary Care Assessment Tool. Multivariate models were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) of scoring low on experiences with primary care by health, use of services, and socio-demographic variables. A low first contact-accessibility score was associated with declared chronic conditions. Immigrant parents declared a poor experience with several primary care functions. A low score on first contact-accessibility, continuity of care, and cultural competence was less likely when children had double healthcare coverage and more likely when they had visited emergency services. Improvement of some aspects of primary care services may reduce both use of emergency services and inequity in this area.

Este estudio evaluó las experiencias en la atención primaria de salud para niños y adolescentes, considerando niveles de salud, características sociodemográficas y el uso de servicios de salud. La Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña de 2006 incluyó una muestra representativa de la población de 0 a 14 años (n = 2.200). Personas adultas informaron sobre sus experiencias con la atención primaria de salud de sus hijos con una selección de 17 ítems del Primary Care Assessment Tool. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) de baja puntuación en seis funciones de la atención primaria de salud, mediante modelos multivariados. La declaración de enfermedades crónicas se asoció a la baja puntuación en primer contacto-accesibilidad. Los padres inmigrantes declararon peor experiencia con varias funciones de la atención primaria de salud. Las puntuaciones en primer contacto-accesibilidad, continuidad de la atención y competencia cultural fueron más altas cuando los niños tenían cobertura sanitaria doble y más bajas cuando habían visitado los servicios de emergencia. Mejoras en algunas funciones de la atención primaria de salud podrían reducir el uso de servicios de urgencia y la inequidad.

Objective: To identify and describe studies on social inequalities in child and adolescent health conducted in Spain with special emphasis on social determinants. Methods: In July 2012, we conducted a systematic review in the PubMed, MEDES, SCOPUS and COCHRANE databases. We included studies on social inequalities in child and adolescent health in Spain published between 2000 and 2012. A total of 2147 abstracts were reviewed by two researchers and 80 manuscripts were fully reviewed by three researchers. Risk of bias was assessed. Seventy-two articles were finally included. Results: A total of 83% of the studies were cross-sectional and the most frequently studied age group consisted of 13-15-year-olds. More than 20 individual or group determinants were identified. The most frequently analyzed determinants were the most advantaged educational level and occupation of the mother or the father. In 38% of the studies analyzing education and occupation, there was no definition of the determinant. Social inequalities were detected in dental health with all determinants and in all age groups (9% of studies with a high risk of bias). Social inequalities were also detected in obesity, physical activity and mental health with some determinants. Specific data were missing for younger children. No social inequalities were found in the use of health services, excluding dental care. Few studies analyzed immigration and 42% of them had a high risk of bias. Conclusion Wide diversity was found in the measurement of social determinants, with a lack of studies in preschoolers and of studies with longitudinal designs. The results of this study confirm social inequalities in some aspects of health.

Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo es recopilar y describir los estudios realizados en España sobre desigualdades sociales en salud infantil y adolescente, con especial énfasis en los determinantes sociales. Método En julio de 2012 se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, MEDES, SCOPUS y COCHRANE. Se incluyeron estudios sobre desigualdades sociales en salud infantil y adolescente española publicados entre los años 2000 y 2012. Se revisaron por duplicado 2147 resúmenes y 80 artículos entre tres revisores y se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo. Se incluyeron 72 estudios. Resultados: El 83% son estudios transversales y la edad más estudiada es de los 13 a los 15 años. Se detectan más de 20 determinantes sociales individuales o grupales, y los más analizados son el nivel educativo y la ocupación más favorecida del padre o la madre. En el 38% de los estudios en que se analiza la educación o la ocupación no se indica la definición del determinante. Se detectan desigualdades sociales en salud dental con todos los indicadores y grupos de edad (9% de los estudios con alto riesgo de sesgo), así como en obesidad, actividad física y salud mental por algunos indicadores. Faltan datos específicos en población escolar y preescolar. El uso de servicios sanitarios, excluyendo el dentista, no muestra desigualdades. Hay pocos estudios sobre inmigración y el 42% presentan alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusión Se ha detectado una gran diversidad en la medición de los determinantes sociales y una falta de estudios especialmente en edades preescolares y con diseños longitudinales. Se confirman las desigualdades sociales en algunos aspectos de salud.

Objective: To identify and describe studies on social inequalities in child and adolescent health conducted in Spain with special emphasis on social determinants. Methods: In July 2012, we conducted a systematic review in the PubMed, MEDES, SCOPUS and COCHRANE databases. We included studies on social inequalities in child and adolescent health in Spain published between 2000 and 2012. A total of 2147 abstracts were reviewed by two researchers and 80 manuscripts were fully reviewed by three researchers. Risk of bias was assessed. Seventy-two articles were finally included. Results: A total of 83% of the studies were cross-sectional and the most frequently studied age group consisted of 13-15-year-olds. More than 20 individual or group determinants were identified. The most frequently analyzed determinants were the most advantaged educational level and occupation of the mother or the father. In 38% of the studies analyzing education and occupation, there was no definition of the determinant. Social inequalities were detected in dental health with all determinants and in all age groups (9% of studies with a high risk of bias). Social inequalities were also detected in obesity, physical activity and mental health with some determinants. Specific data were missing for younger children. No social inequalities were found in the use of health services, excluding dental care. Few studies analyzed immigration and 42% of them had a high risk of bias. Conclusion Wide diversity was found in the measurement of social determinants, with a lack of studies in preschoolers and of studies with longitudinal designs. The results of this study confirm social inequalities in some aspects of health.

Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo es recopilar y describir los estudios realizados en España sobre desigualdades sociales en salud infantil y adolescente, con especial énfasis en los determinantes sociales. Método En julio de 2012 se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, MEDES, SCOPUS y COCHRANE. Se incluyeron estudios sobre desigualdades sociales en salud infantil y adolescente española publicados entre los años 2000 y 2012. Se revisaron por duplicado 2147 resúmenes y 80 artículos entre tres revisores y se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo. Se incluyeron 72 estudios. Resultados: El 83% son estudios transversales y la edad más estudiada es de los 13 a los 15 años. Se detectan más de 20 determinantes sociales individuales o grupales, y los más analizados son el nivel educativo y la ocupación más favorecida del padre o la madre. En el 38% de los estudios en que se analiza la educación o la ocupación no se indica la definición del determinante. Se detectan desigualdades sociales en salud dental con todos los indicadores y grupos de edad (9% de los estudios con alto riesgo de sesgo), así como en obesidad, actividad física y salud mental por algunos indicadores. Faltan datos específicos en población escolar y preescolar. El uso de servicios sanitarios, excluyendo el dentista, no muestra desigualdades. Hay pocos estudios sobre inmigración y el 42% presentan alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusión Se ha detectado una gran diversidad en la medición de los determinantes sociales y una falta de estudios especialmente en edades preescolares y con diseños longitudinales. Se confirman las desigualdades sociales en algunos aspectos de salud.

The scope of this study was to develop the culturally-adapted version of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire for Mexican adolescents aged 8 to 18, and to analyze its reliability and validity. A translation and back translation was carried out from English to Spanish and vice versa. Cognitive interviews were conducted and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to verify the content validity of the questionnaire. Based on previous studies (i.e. the Argentinian version) mean scores of dimensions were compared to assess construct validity. Reliability was also analyzed. The results showed that the content validity of the version retained the original concepts, duly adapted to the Mexican culture and language. The AFC confirmed the structure of the 10 original dimensions. Two scales achieved the ceiling effect. The instrument's internal consistency was acceptable (ranged from 0.5 to 0.86), and reproducibility obtained low coefficients in 5 dimensions (0.22 to 0.78). The Mexican KIDSCREEN-52 version is equivalent to the original in terms of content, structure, and construct validity. The conclusion was that theKIDSCREEN -52 tool is suitable for application in the Mexican population aged 8 to 18. Further studies are needed to explore its application in clinical settings.

Con el objeto de adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 a adolescentes mexicanos de 8 a 18 años, y analizar su fiabilidad y validez, se realizó la traducción del cuestionario del inglés al español y una retro traducción. Se realizaron entrevistas cognitivas y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para verificar la validez del contenido del cuestionario. Se compararon las puntuaciones de las dimensiones siguiendo los mismos criterios que en otras versiones (ej. Argentina) para analizar la validez de constructo, y se verificó la fiabilidad. La validez del contenido mantuvo las características del cuestionario original. El AFC confirmó la estructura de las 10 dimensiones originales. Dos escalas mostraron efecto techo. La consistencia interna del instrumento fue aceptable (rango 0,5-0,86) y la reproducibilidad obtuvo coeficientes bajos en 5 dimensiones (0,22-0,78). La versión mexicana del cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 es equivalente al original en términos de contenido, estructura, y validez de constructo. En conclusión, el instrumento KIDSCREEN-52 es adecuado para aplicarse en población mexicana de estudiantes de 8 a 18 años. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para explorar su aplicación en contextos clínicos.

The scope of this study was to develop the culturally-adapted version of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire for Mexican adolescents aged 8 to 18, and to analyze its reliability and validity. A translation and back translation was carried out from English to Spanish and vice versa. Cognitive interviews were conducted and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to verify the content validity of the questionnaire. Based on previous studies (i.e. the Argentinian version) mean scores of dimensions were compared to assess construct validity. Reliability was also analyzed. The results showed that the content validity of the version retained the original concepts, duly adapted to the Mexican culture and language. The AFC confirmed the structure of the 10 original dimensions. Two scales achieved the ceiling effect. The instrument's internal consistency was acceptable (ranged from 0.5 to 0.86), and reproducibility obtained low coefficients in 5 dimensions (0.22 to 0.78). The Mexican KIDSCREEN-52 version is equivalent to the original in terms of content, structure, and construct validity. The conclusion was that theKIDSCREEN -52 tool is suitable for application in the Mexican population aged 8 to 18. Further studies are needed to explore its application in clinical settings.

Con el objeto de adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 a adolescentes mexicanos de 8 a 18 años, y analizar su fiabilidad y validez, se realizó la traducción del cuestionario del inglés al español y una retro traducción. Se realizaron entrevistas cognitivas y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para verificar la validez del contenido del cuestionario. Se compararon las puntuaciones de las dimensiones siguiendo los mismos criterios que en otras versiones (ej. Argentina) para analizar la validez de constructo, y se verificó la fiabilidad. La validez del contenido mantuvo las características del cuestionario original. El AFC confirmó la estructura de las 10 dimensiones originales. Dos escalas mostraron efecto techo. La consistencia interna del instrumento fue aceptable (rango 0,5-0,86) y la reproducibilidad obtuvo coeficientes bajos en 5 dimensiones (0,22-0,78). La versión mexicana del cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 es equivalente al original en términos de contenido, estructura, y validez de constructo. En conclusión, el instrumento KIDSCREEN-52 es adecuado para aplicarse en población mexicana de estudiantes de 8 a 18 años. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para explorar su aplicación en contextos clínicos.

Objective: To describe gender differences in self-perceived health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in childhood and adolescence in Spain, to compare the results in distinct studies using different HRQoL instruments, and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors and reported morbidity on self-perceived health and HRQoL according to gender. Methods: We analyzed data from previous studies of HRQoL: the Child Health and Illness Profile (child and adolescent editions, n=2451), the KIDSCREEN (n=908), and Vecú Perçue et Santé de l'Adolescent (n=1,242). Logistic regression models of worse perceived health (good/fair/poor vs. excellent/very good) and worse HRQoL (less than 0.8 standard deviations from the mean vs. the remaining distribution) were adjusted to analyze gender differences. A summary measure of differences in perceived health according to gender was obtained. Results: The response rates varied among the studies (total sample n=4.601). Girls showed a higher odds ratio (OR) than boys for perceiving worse overall health and physical and emotional health, but a lower OR in school environment dimensions. The overall OR for worse perceived health was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.97-1.68) in younger girls and was 2.17 (95%CI: 1.88-2.51) in adolescent girls. Conclusions: Girls were twice as likely as boys to perceive worse health, as well as worse HRQoL in the physical and emotional dimensions. Gender perspective should be taken into account when implementing preventive and health promotion measures for children and adolescents.

Objetivo: Describir las diferencias de género en salud autopercibida y en calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en la infancia y la adolescencia en España; comparar los resultados entre estudios que utilizaron diferentes instrumentos de medida; y analizar la influencia de factores sociodemográficos y de la morbilidad declarada en la salud percibida y la CVRS según el género. Métodos: Se analizaron datos de estudios previos de CVRS: el Child Health and Illness Profile (versiones infantil y de adolescentes, n=2451), el KIDSCREEN (n=908), y el Vecú et Sante Perçue de l'Adolescent (n=1.242). Se construyeron modelos de regresión logística de peor salud percibida (buena/regular/mala frente a excelente/muy buena) y peor CVRS (menos de 0,8 desviaciones estándar de la media frente al resto de la distribución) para analizar las diferencias de género. Se obtuvo una medida resumen de las diferencias en salud percibida según el género. Resultados: La proporción de respuesta fue variable entre los estudios (n total=4.601). Las chicas presentaron odds ratio (OR) mayores que los chicos para percibir peor salud general, física y emocional, pero menores en el ámbito escolar. La OR global de peor salud general fue de 1,28 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 0,97-1,68) en niñas y de 2,17 (IC95%: 1,88-2,51) en chicas. Conclusiones: Ser chica condiciona el doble de probabilidades de percibir peor salud y CVRS en los aspectos físicos y emocionales que los chicos. La perspectiva de género se debería tener en cuenta en la implementación de medidas de prevención y promoción de la salud infantil y adolescente.

Objective: To describe gender differences in self-perceived health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in childhood and adolescence in Spain, to compare the results in distinct studies using different HRQoL instruments, and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors and reported morbidity on self-perceived health and HRQoL according to gender. Methods: We analyzed data from previous studies of HRQoL: the Child Health and Illness Profile (child and adolescent editions, n=2451), the KIDSCREEN (n=908), and Vecú Perçue et Santé de l'Adolescent (n=1,242). Logistic regression models of worse perceived health (good/fair/poor vs. excellent/very good) and worse HRQoL (less than 0.8 standard deviations from the mean vs. the remaining distribution) were adjusted to analyze gender differences. A summary measure of differences in perceived health according to gender was obtained. Results: The response rates varied among the studies (total sample n=4.601). Girls showed a higher odds ratio (OR) than boys for perceiving worse overall health and physical and emotional health, but a lower OR in school environment dimensions. The overall OR for worse perceived health was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.97-1.68) in younger girls and was 2.17 (95%CI: 1.88-2.51) in adolescent girls. Conclusions: Girls were twice as likely as boys to perceive worse health, as well as worse HRQoL in the physical and emotional dimensions. Gender perspective should be taken into account when implementing preventive and health promotion measures for children and adolescents.

Objetivo: Describir las diferencias de género en salud autopercibida y en calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en la infancia y la adolescencia en España; comparar los resultados entre estudios que utilizaron diferentes instrumentos de medida; y analizar la influencia de factores sociodemográficos y de la morbilidad declarada en la salud percibida y la CVRS según el género. Métodos: Se analizaron datos de estudios previos de CVRS: el Child Health and Illness Profile (versiones infantil y de adolescentes, n=2451), el KIDSCREEN (n=908), y el Vecú et Sante Perçue de l'Adolescent (n=1.242). Se construyeron modelos de regresión logística de peor salud percibida (buena/regular/mala frente a excelente/muy buena) y peor CVRS (menos de 0,8 desviaciones estándar de la media frente al resto de la distribución) para analizar las diferencias de género. Se obtuvo una medida resumen de las diferencias en salud percibida según el género. Resultados: La proporción de respuesta fue variable entre los estudios (n total=4.601). Las chicas presentaron odds ratio (OR) mayores que los chicos para percibir peor salud general, física y emocional, pero menores en el ámbito escolar. La OR global de peor salud general fue de 1,28 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 0,97-1,68) en niñas y de 2,17 (IC95%: 1,88-2,51) en chicas. Conclusiones: Ser chica condiciona el doble de probabilidades de percibir peor salud y CVRS en los aspectos físicos y emocionales que los chicos. La perspectiva de género se debería tener en cuenta en la implementación de medidas de prevención y promoción de la salud infantil y adolescente.